蘋論：人民幸福高於一切
由聯合國「永續發展解決網絡」所調查發表的「2015年全球幸福報告」指出，全球158國中，榮膺世界最幸福的國家是瑞士（第一名）；台灣第38名，遠超日本的46、俄國的64、中國的84。前5名依次還有冰島、丹麥、挪威、加拿大（全是民主國家）。最後10個最不幸福的國家除了戰亂的敘利亞和阿富汗之外，全在撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲，像是多哥（最不幸福）、蒲隆地、貝南、盧安達等（全是非民主國家）。
「全球幸福報告」起源於不丹倡議的「國民幸福指數」。2011年聯合國通過決議，要求各國評量國民幸福感，作為提升公共政策的參考指標。其方法是透過蓋洛普民調公司的全球問卷調查為基礎，根據各國的平均壽命、社會凝聚力、個人自由與經濟等量表，評定各國的幸福分數。該報告的撰文者之一，美國哥倫比亞大學地球研究所所長薩克斯說：「該報告證明不單是金錢，還包括公平、誠實、信任與健康，才能成就社會幸福。」報告發現，社會凝聚力對社會幸福極為重要，而社會的高度信任感使冰島歷盡嚴重的金融危機，國民仍能保持快樂。
國民所得也極為重要，最快樂的前10名國家是最末10名最不快樂國家國民所得的25倍；但所得並非幸福的唯一要素，例如美國幸福排名是第15名，輸給墨西哥（14）和哥斯大黎加（12），而哥國的人均所得只有美國的5分之1；全球人均所得第一的卡達，幸福排名只有第28名。報告提醒，當各國以不對稱的方式追求經濟成長而遺忘社會與環境目標時，結果將傷害人類的幸福。
「全球幸福報告」起源於不丹倡議的「國民幸福指數」。2011年聯合國通過決議，要求各國評量國民幸福感，作為提升公共政策的參考指標。其方法是透過蓋洛普民調公司的全球問卷調查為基礎，根據各國的平均壽命、社會凝聚力、個人自由與經濟等量表，評定各國的幸福分數。該報告的撰文者之一，美國哥倫比亞大學地球研究所所長薩克斯說：「該報告證明不單是金錢，還包括公平、誠實、信任與健康，才能成就社會幸福。」報告發現，社會凝聚力對社會幸福極為重要，而社會的高度信任感使冰島歷盡嚴重的金融危機，國民仍能保持快樂。
國民所得也極為重要，最快樂的前10名國家是最末10名最不快樂國家國民所得的25倍；但所得並非幸福的唯一要素，例如美國幸福排名是第15名，輸給墨西哥（14）和哥斯大黎加（12），而哥國的人均所得只有美國的5分之1；全球人均所得第一的卡達，幸福排名只有第28名。報告提醒，當各國以不對稱的方式追求經濟成長而遺忘社會與環境目標時，結果將傷害人類的幸福。
台灣要更加努力
台灣社會已進入良性循環，以廣泛慈善含意為宗旨的民間自發性團體，如雨後春筍般冒出；公民社團以積極的態度對政治及社會進行穿透性的改造；志工與非政府組織補強對弱勢的照顧。
良善動機成為社會行動的核心價值，我們越來越接近社群主義所希望的共善新政治，包括公民精神、犧牲、服務。然而，對市場的道德限制（貧富差距）、公民品德、互相尊重的道德對話、社會深刻思考及嚴謹論證的美德和政府機構的品質，都還差得很遠，需要更加努力。
良善動機成為社會行動的核心價值，我們越來越接近社群主義所希望的共善新政治，包括公民精神、犧牲、服務。然而，對市場的道德限制（貧富差距）、公民品德、互相尊重的道德對話、社會深刻思考及嚴謹論證的美德和政府機構的品質，都還差得很遠，需要更加努力。
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OVERVIEW
The World Happiness Report is a landmark survey of the state of global happiness. The first report was published in 2012, the second in 2013, and the third on April 23, 2015. Leading experts across fields – economics, psychology, survey analysis, national statistics, health, public policy and more – describe how measurements of well-being can be used effectively to assess the progress of nations. The reports review the state of happiness in the world today and show how the new science of happiness explains personal and national variations in happiness. They reflect a new worldwide demand for more attention to happiness as a criteria for government policy.
The report is published by the Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN). It is edited by Professor John F. Helliwell, of the University of British Columbia and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Lord Richard Layard, Director of the Well-Being Programme at LSE’s Centre for Economic Performance; and Professor Jeffrey D. Sachs, Director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University, Director of the SDSN, and Special Advisor to UN Secretary General Ban ki-Moon.
For more information, please email happiness@unsdsn.org.
For media inquiries, please contact Kyu Lee: klee@ei.columbia.edu.
SUMMARY
Background
The world has come a long way since the first World Happiness Report launched in 2012. Increasingly happiness is considered a proper measure of social progress and goal of public policy. A rapidly increasing number of national and local governments are using happiness data and research in their search for policies that could enable people to live better lives. Governments are measuring subjective well-being, and using well-being research as a guide to the design of public spaces and the delivery of public services.
Harnessing Happiness Data and Research to Improve Sustainable Development
The year 2015 is a watershed for humanity, with the pending adoption by UN member states of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in September to help guide the world community towards a more inclusive and sustainable pattern of global development. The concepts of happiness and well-being are very likely to help guide progress towards sustainable development.
Sustainable development is a normative concept, calling for all societies to balance economic, social, and environmental objectives. When countries pursue GDP in a lopsided manner, overriding social and environmental objectives, the results often negatively impact human well- being. The SDGs are designed to help countries to achieve economic, social, and environmental objectives in harmony, thereby leading to higher levels of well-being for the present and future generations.
The SDGs will include goals, targets and quantitative indicators. The Sustainable Development Solutions Network, in its recommendations on the selection of SDG indicators, has strongly recommended the inclusion of indicators of Subjective Well-being and Positive Mood Affect to help guide and measure the progress towards the SDGs. We find considerable support of many governments and experts regarding the inclusion of such happiness indicators for the SDGs. The World Happiness Report 2015 once again underscores the fruitfulness of using happiness measurements for guiding policy making and for helping to assess the overall well-being in each society.
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WORLD HAPPINESS REPORT 2015
The 2015 World Happiness Report and supplemental files are available for download for free below.
TitleFile SizeWorld Happiness Report 2015 7.52 MB Download
Annex 1 193.99 kB Download
Summary 256.68 kB Download
Frequently Asked Questions 220.97 kB Download
WHR 2015 Chapter 1 (Spanish) 439.43 kB Download
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