2014年2月12日 星期三

「每個人都應該學習編程/編碼」——MIT教授Mitchel Resnick為日本小學生講編程


「每個人都應該學習編程」——MIT教授為日本小學生講編程

2013/01/29 00:00
       【日經BP社報導】2013 年1月26日,美國麻省理工學院(MIT)的米切爾·瑞斯尼克(Mitchel Resnick)教授為日本的小學生上了一堂如何使用可視化編程環境「Scratch」來編程的課程(照片1)。瑞斯尼克教授是麻省理工學院媒體實驗室 Lifelong Kindergarten研究小組負責人,該小組研究的是融入IT技術和遊戲的實踐性學習方法。該研究小組的成果之一就是以開放原始碼開發並提供的 Scratch。Scratch的開發負責人親自向東京三鷹市的約20名小學生上了一堂編程課。

       課上使用的是1月28日剛剛發佈了Beta版的Scratch新版本(Scratch 2.0)。Scratch 2.0的特點是能夠作為Web應用來運行。原來的版本是在OS上運行的應用,需要安裝,而新版本只要有Web瀏覽器即可使用。因此還可輕鬆用於難以在個人 電腦上安裝新應用的教育現場。

        瑞斯尼克教授一直在宣傳編程學習的重要性,正如他在題為「讀、寫、編程」(Reading Writing and Programming)的演講中所講(參閱TEDx上的發表資料)。他認為編程學習最好是從小抓起,因此才開發並提供Scratch等工具。

       瑞斯尼克教授在此次的課堂上,採取一邊與Scratch中標配的小貓形象(Scratch貓)互動,一邊介紹編程知識的形式。他讓小學生們 體驗遊戲,比如大聲喊時貓的顏色會改變的程式,以及在Web攝影鏡頭前移動手部使氣球破裂的遊戲應用等,並詢問他們「是否想製作這樣的應用」(照片2)。


照片1:向小學生們介紹編程樂趣的美國麻省理工學院媒體實驗室的米切爾·瑞斯尼克教授(點擊放大) 照片2:讓小學生體驗對手部動作產生反應的遊戲應用,使他們體會其中的樂趣。(點擊放大)

       之後,學生們每人一台電腦,製作了「移動貓和另一卡通角色的應用」以及「用滑鼠移動老鼠卡通形象以逃脫小貓追捕的遊戲」。在看到編程時的情形,了解到移動手部引起反應的原理、複製貓增加其數量的原理以及改變背景的操作時,學生們發出了歡呼聲(照片3)。

       最後,瑞斯尼克教授問學生們:「編程快樂嗎?」同學們異口同聲地答「快樂」。接著,瑞斯尼克教授又問道,「對什麼感到快樂?」「還有什麼想 改進的地方嗎?」對此,同學們提出了「想讓卡通形象說話」以及「想要提高Web攝影鏡頭圖像的反應速度」等希望,瑞斯尼克教授分別給予了肯定。

       另外,日本Ubiquitous Entertainment公司的社長清水亮也來到了課堂上,向瑞斯尼克教授展示了該公司正在開發的平板電腦「enchant MOON」(照片4)。

照片3:認真編程的小學生們(點擊放大) 照片4:Ubiquitous Entertainment公司社長清水亮向瑞斯尼克教授演示正在開發的平板電腦。(點擊放大)



 Java並不適合所有人


照片A:美國麻省理工學院媒體實驗室的米切爾·瑞斯尼克教授(點擊放大)
       事後,記者採訪了瑞斯尼克教授。

——請您再談一下編程的重要性。

       所有的人都應該學習編程。通過學習編程,可理解其他各種事物。這樣便可更深地了解身邊的技術,更重要的是,通過學習編程能夠學到各種問題的解決方法。編程的思路及技能即便不直接用於編程,也會在廣泛領域中起到很大作用。

——雖說如此,工作繁忙的商務人士要學習編程的話會很難吧?

       學習編程時效率最高的一個好方法就是從孩提時代起就開始學習。因此,我最先考慮的是,要讓擔負未來的孩子們通過編程來掌握學習時的「思考方 法」 ,這也是Scratch的主要對象年齡為8~16歲的一個原因。雖然大學也在使用,也有像我母親那樣年紀大的在使用,但歸根結底我們重視的還是孩子。

——日本有大企業想讓所有員工學習編程,其社長好像正在學習Java。對此您如何看?

       學什麼要看其目的。如果是在工作中操作程式,或者是想成為程式員,那麼學習Java就是一個很好的選擇。這時,學習Java要比學習 Scratch更合適。但如果目的是學習電腦工作原理、學習解決問題的新方法及新思路,那麼與Java相比,Scratch是更好的選擇。尤其對年輕人來 說,Scratch比較適合。


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2014年2月6日 星期四

Essex announces new Data Research Centre for Smart Analytics


A major new announcement for University of Essex - A £5million Data Research Centre for Smart Analytics


Essex announces new Data Research Centre for Smart Analytics 06 February 2014

Essex
The University of Essex today confirmed its place at the forefront of the UK’s Big Data network with the announcement of a new Data Research Centre for Smart Analytics.
Funded by the Economic and Social Research Council, the new £5 million Centre will be led by Essex, working in partnership with the Universities of East Anglia and Kent, who together form the Eastern Academic Research Consortium (ARC), and with partners in business and local government. ISER Director Professor Heather Laurie will be Co-Investigator and the Centre will form close links with the ISER team.
The Data Research Centre will make data, routinely collected by business and local government organisations, accessible for academics as a national resource in order to undertake outstanding research in the social sciences in ways that safeguard individuals’ identities. That research will provide a sound evidence-base to inform policy development, implementation and evaluation.
Announced as part of £14 million to fund the second phase of the ESRC’s investment in big data, the Minister for Universities and Science, David Willetts MP, said today:
“Making the most of large and complex data is a huge priority for government as it has the potential to transform public and private sector organisations, drive research and development, increase productivity and innovation, and enable market-changing products and services."
“The new data research centres will help the UK grasp these opportunities and get ahead in the global race.”
This latest funding, part of a pot of £64 million announced in October 2013, will be used to support the establishment of four ESRC Business and Local Government Data Research Centres at Essex, Glasgow, UCL and Leeds Universities.
With the right analytics, big data can give organisations, both large and small, the competitive edge by helping them improve their business decisions, as well as offer insight into how they can expand.
What the Centre at Essex will also offer is a suite of big data solutions – from training to consultancy to help the business and local government communities maximise the value of their big data to research the drivers of economic growth and the provision of services.
Its data storage facility for business and local government data will allow researchers to access data in a secure environment that guarantees confidentiality of the information. The centre will also manage, curate and link the data in such a way that new insights can be made available to the users. The Centre takes advantage of the existing experience and expertise in the field of secure big data storage and safe access at Essex within the UK Data Service (UKDS) and the new Administrative Data Service (ADS) based there.
Welcoming the announcement, University of Essex Vice-Chancellor Professor Anthony Forster said the Centre would be central to showcasing the University’s excellence in big data analytics.
“This is a fantastic initiative for Essex and really helps us position ourselves as number one in the UK and Europe for harvesting data analytics and applying the data in new and exciting ways to support our business partners,” he said.
The Data Research Centre will be based within the University’s new £21 million state-of-the-art building which will house Essex Business School, which carries out business-based research and collaborations with industry on big data, and is adjacent to the Knowledge Gateway development, providing a high quality environment for innovative business start-ups and SMEs.
The University has an international reputation for the collection, curation, management and analysis of big data and is home to the UK Data Archive – the UK’s largest collection of digital research data in the social sciences and humanities.
The School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering at Essex already collaborates with companies around the world on analysing large data sets and is also working with the South East Local Enterprise Partnership to make the University a leading centre of excellence for big data analytics.
Project leader and Director of the new Centre, Professor Vania Sena, of Essex Business School, said:
“Some companies and local authorities just do not have the knowledge and skills to exploit the vast amount of data they produce as part of their day-to-day activities to their advantage."
“The ESRC Data Research Centre for Smart Analytics will become a place where solutions are created and data are used in a smart way to improve their performance. They are sitting on a potential goldmine but often they don’t have the skills and the knowledge to use that data in a smart way.”
The aim is for the Centre to become a national centre of expertise for data users across academic and non-academic sectors, offering a vibrant environment to foster and enable innovative research by supporting business, local government and academics to harness the potential of complex big data where traditional analysis techniques may not apply.
The Centre will also offer a comprehensive suite of big data training programmes – from a basic introduction to big data techniques to sophisticated training for data scientists. Bespoke consultancy for businesses will also be offered, with future hopes of creating general data solutions for SMEs.
Operating as part of the ESRC Big Data Network, the Centre will provide new opportunities for data linkage projects at national, regional and company level.
Ends
Note to Editors
For more information please contact the University of Essex Communications Office on 01206 872400 or e-mail comms@essex.ac.uk.
About the ESRC The Economic and Social Research Council is the UK’s largest organisation for funding research on economic and social issues. It supports independent high quality research which has an impact on business, the public sector and the third sector. The ESRC’s total budget for 2013/14 is £212 million. At any one time the ESRC supports over 4,000 researchers and postgraduate students in academic institutions and independent research institutes.